This is a listing of various typologies of peace, some of them derived from the book “Stable Peace Among Nations”, edited by Arie M. Kacowicz et al, mainly from the preface by Alexander L. George.

• Johan Galtung: Negative and positive peace.
• Kenneth Boulding: Unstable and stable peace.
• Alexander George: Precarious, conditional, and stable peace.
• Shimon Shamir: Adversial, restricted, rapprochement, and cooperative peace.
• Common International Relations: detente and entente.
• Karl Deutsch: Defence alliance, security community.
• Hanna Newcombe: Pax, Eirene, Shalom, Shanti.
• Linda Groff and Paul Smoker: Negative, positive, integrative, environmental, feminist, holistic peace. Explanation: absence of war, also presence of justice and harmony, within as well as between nations, also peace with nature, also peace within family, inner as well as outer peace. (There are 7 not 6, but I can’t find the paper.)

Some terms or stages in the various typologies overlap, as follows:

(1) Negative, unstable, precarious, adversarial, Pax.
(2) Conditional, restricted, rapprochement, detente.
(3) Stable, cooperative, entente, security community, Eirene.
(4) Positive, Shalom, integrative.
(5) Shanti, holistic.

These could be characterized in terms of a temperature scale, with a strange inversion from hot to cold.

(1) Hot, in terms of dangerous.
(2) Cold, as in Cold war (but thawing) .
(3) Lukewarm or tepid.
(4) and (5) Warm, as in friendship.

The strange inversion is based on our psychological aversion to both extremely hot and extremely cold conditions. We prefer, as always, Goldilock’s middle way of “just right” for our survival.